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 ~2000
BC, The Isle of Rum Archaeologists discovered a Neolithic
shard containing traces of a fermented beverage made with heather
flowers.
~325
BC, Pictland (The lands north of the Forth-Clyde valley)
The Greek explorer Phytheas referred to the Picts as the "Priteni",
the ancient Irish called them "Cruthni". Both mean "The People
of the Designs". Pictish design is a rich and wonderful style
of art, and can still be seen in the standing stones and cross-slabs
of Scotland to this day. The Picts were a Celtic tribal race who
defended their land from Roman, Saxon, Briton and Viking invasions.
The Picts were also known to be accomplished brewers, the Scottish
Dictionary quotes "The Picts brewed some awful grand drink they
ca't heather ale from heather and some unknown kind of fog". One
legend recorded by Robert Louis Stevenson tells of a Scots king
who, after killing all the Picts in battle, wished for the famous
heather ale. He found two survivors by a cliff, a Pictish chief
and his son, and began to torture them to gain the secret recipe,
the Pict agreed to tell if they would kill his son quickly. After
the boy's body was thrown from the cliff, the Pictish chief faced
the King and said "But now in vain is the torture, fire shall
never avail, here dies in my bosom the secret of the heather ale"
he then threw himself at the King and they both fell from the
cliff.
~843
AD, Scotland Scots and Picts united under the Scots
King Kenneth MacAlpin to form 'Scotland" or "Alba" to the Gaels.
Throughout Medieval times many ceilidh stories mention the brewing
and drinking of heather ale. This folklore includes the tale of
a Highland clan warming heather ale over the fire on a cold night.
The steam from the hot ale cooled against the stone roof and dripped
into a drinking cup. Upon drinking the contents, the Gaelic clansmen
exclaimed "Uisge-beatha!" convinced they had experienced the fabled
"water of life". Uisge had been discovered that night. This word
has since been bastardised by the English language to ~Whisky"
~1707
AD, Scotland The Act of Union. After centuries of war
Scotland became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, despite
many wars of independence and Highland uprisings, Scotland had
lost its freedom. Many atrocities were passed through Parliament
during the 18th century, the wearing of tartan, playing bagpipes
and highland gatherings were all outlawed. Lands were stolen from
crofters, Gaelic was forbidden and clans were persecuted - a whole
culture and way of life was virtually destroyed. An Act was passed
which prevented brewers using any ingredients other than hops
and malt. Hops can not grow in Scotland, indeed there is no Gaelic
word for hops - heather ale was all but reduced to legend. This
persecution of the Highland way of life caused thousands of Scots
to be transported to the new worlds of the West Indies, Australia,
New Zealand, Canada, America and Europe which led to a mass exodus
of Scottish society emigrating to follow their clans.
~1809
AD, Scotland In the Highlands and Western Isles the
brewing of heather ale continued, as did the wearing of tartan
and the Gaelic language. They traditions and customs including
the manufacture of illicit "uisge-beatha" the defiant message
to the British Government was "Pog mo thon!" (kiss my arse!).
~1986
AD, Scotland In Glasgow's homebrew shop a Gaelic-speaking
Islander translated an old family recipe for "Leann fraoich" (heather
ale) to Bruce Williams, the shop owner. He began the crusade to
revive Scotland's brewing heritage by trying different varieties
and quantities of heather flowers, making up batches and testing
them on his customers. Once the formula was perfected he began
to sell the brew as Fraoch (heather) ale.
~1992
AD, Scotland The first twenty thousand pints were produced
at the small West Highland Brewery in Argyll, sales were restricted
to six pubs due to the capacity of the brewery. In 1993, an agreement
was reached with Scotland's oldest family brewers, Maclay &
Co. at the Thistle Brewery in Alloa which allows Bruce to brew
larger quantities of Fraoch during the heather season. Every batch
is inspected and recorded for the Scottish Brewing Archive in
Glasgow, who have assisted with the Heather Ale odyssey. Heather
ale is to receive a "Certificate of Specific Character" which
protects the tradition and custom of heather brewing for Scotland
under supervision by The Scottish Office, Edinburgh.
~2000
AD, Scotland Heather ale is produced at Strathaven
near Glasgow at the Craigmill brewery.
~2004/5
AD, Scotland Heather
Ale Ltd relocates to Alloa and Williams Bros Brewing Co is now
the new trading identity fot the Alloa brewery.
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